Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Notes (Short and Handwritten Notes PDF)

Hi students,

If you are a class 12 student and looking for a nice and simple notes for chapter 5 “Molecular Basis of Inheritance” of Biology, then you are at the right place. This chapter is very important for board exams, and our notes will make your preparation extremely easy.

These notes are specially created by analyzing NCERT latest syllabus and last 10 years board exam question papers.

In this article, we have given complete notes of Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 Molecular Basis of Inheritance (NCERT Class 12 Biology). In this note, every point is written in easy language so that you can understand this lesson easily. This note is based on NCERT. That is, this note is useful for all those children who study NCERT in English medium.

Here we have given the Notes in PDF format which you can download so that you can print it and save your time. To download, click on the given Download PDF link.

Molecular Basis of Inheritance Notes PDF Download

Important topics covered in the notes

• The DNA
  • Structure of Polynucleotide Chain.
  • Double Helix Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick Model).
  • Packaging of DNA Helix.
• The Search for Genetic Material
  • The Transforming Principle (Griffith’s Experiment).
  • Biochemical Characterisation of Transforming Principle.
  • The Hershey and Chase Experiment.
• Replication
  • The Experimental Proof (Meselson and Stahl’s Experiment).
  • The Machinery and the Enzymes.
• Transcription
  • Transcription Unit.
  • Transcription Unit and the Gene.
  • Types of RNA and the Process of Transcription.
• Genetic Code
  • Properties of the Genetic Code.
• Translation
  • The process of protein synthesis.
  • Ribosomes, tRNA (the adapter molecule).
• Regulation of Gene Expression
  • The Lac Operon.
• Human Genome Project (HGP)
  • Goals of HGP.
  • Methodologies.
  • Salient Features of Human Genome.
  • Applications and Future Challenges.
• DNA Fingerprinting
  • Technique and principle.
  • Applications.

Molecular Basis of Inheritance Notes – lesson summary

1. Structure of Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules which play a very important role in the process of nheritance.
2. DNA Double-helix model: DNA is composed of two polynucleotide chains.
3. RNA World: RNA world was a kind of hypothetical world where RNA performed all the activities which are today performed by DNA & proteins
4. DNA Replication: Replication is the process of reproducing or creating a copy of something. Various hypotheses were proposed by various scientists regarding the replication model of DNA.
5. Semi-conservative DNA replication model: According to this model, the two strands of DNA separate.
6. Machinery & Enzymes for Replication: Enzymes play an important role acting as catalysts during the process of DNA replication.
7. Process of DNA replication: Replication cannot be initiated in any random part of DNA. Region in a DNA where replication initiates is termed as ‘Origin of Replication’.
8. Transcription: The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed as transcription.
9. Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides on DNA which determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is termed as Genetic code.
10. Lac operon: The lac operon consists of one regulatory gene the i gene which codes for the repressor of the lac operon and three structural genes (z, y, and a).

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