Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Biodiversity and Conservation Notes (Short and Handwritten Notes PDF)

Hi students,

If you are a class 12 student and looking for a nice and simple notes for chapter 13 “Biodiversity and Conservation” then you are at the right place. This chapter is very important for board exams, and our notes will make your preparation extremely easy.

These notes are specially created by analyzing NCERT latest syllabus and last 10 years board exam question papers.

In this article, we have given complete notes of Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Biodiversity and Conservation(NCERT Class 12 Biology). In this note, every point is written in easy language so that you can understand this lesson easily. This note is based on NCERT. That is, this note is useful for all those children who study NCERT in English medium.

Here we have given the Notes in PDF format which you can download so that you can print it and save your time. To download, click on the given Download PDF link.

Biodiversity and Conservation Notes PDF Download

Important topics covered in the notes

• Levels of Biodiversity:
  • Genetic Diversity
  • Species Diversity
  • Ecological Diversity
• The Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
• Stability and Productivity.
• Loss of Biodiversity
• Causes of biodiversity losses (The ‘Evil Quartet’):
  • Habitat loss and fragmentation
  • Over-exploitation
  • Alien species invasions
  • Co-extinctions
• Biodiversity Conservation
• Why Should We Conserve Biodiversity?
  • Narrowly utilitarian arguments
  • Broadly utilitarian arguments
  • Ethical arguments
• How do we conserve Biodiversity?
  • In-situ Conservation:
    • National Parks
    • Wildlife Sanctuaries
    • Biosphere Reserves
    • Sacred Groves
  • Ex-situ Conservation:
    • Zoological Parks
    • Botanical Gardens
    • Gene Banks
• International Efforts for Conservation
  • The Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)
  • The World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002)

Biodiversity and Conservation Notes – lesson summary

1. Biodiversity occurs not only in the species level, but also in the macromolecular levels.
2. The most important forms of biodiversity are
   • Genetic diversity
   • Species diversity
   • Ecological diversity
3. Latitudinal gradients− The plants and animals are not distributed evenly worldwide.
4. Species-Area relationships− Alexander von Humboldt observed that biodiversity increases with increase in explored area
5. What is the importance of biodiversity on the Earth-There is no exact answer to this question, but experiments conducted by many ecologists have demonstrated that a system with greater biodiversity is more stable and has greater productivity.
6. Loss of Biodiversity-Due to human activities, natural wealth is getting lost rapidly
7. Co-extinction− When a plant or animal becomes extinct, another plant or animal which is dependent on it in an obligatory way also becomes extinct.
8. ○ In Situ conservation- In order to conserve biodiversity better, some of the world’s biodiversity hotspots (with high degree of biodiversity and endemism) have been identified and are protected

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